Cody Mobley, who serves as a Texas Historical Commission site manager at Fort McKavett, drove four hours to portray Rusk at the living history event. On the other hand, Maj. Juan Jos Holsinger, one of the Mexican commissioners, lulled their suspicions by entering the Texan lines with the greeting, "Well, gentlemen! WebGoliad Massacre: "List of Texans Murdered by order of Santa Anna at Goliad Tex March 27, 1836." She is credited with saving the lives of a number of soldiers spared in the Goliad Massacre, in which Col. James Fannin and more than 300 of his troops were executed on orders of Gen. Santa Anna on Palm Sunday, 1836. James W. Fannin was left with only slightly more than 300 Texans to protect Goliad, a position the rebels needed in order to maintain their supply routes to the Gulf Coast. He also had a similar order sent directly to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad". Victoria Advocate, January 3, 1932, 88th Anniversary Number, September 28, 1934. According to most lists, Bowman was killed at the Alamo. Several of the survivors of the massacre were present at the funeral speech, McMahon explained. Corrections? On March 27, 1836, over 350 Texian soldiers were murdered by Mexican firing squads near Goliad after having surrendered days In 1930 some Goliad Boy Scouts found charred bone fragments that had been unearthed over the years by animals, and an excursion to the site by Goliad residents on New Year's Day, 1932, succeeded in attracting an investigation of the site by University of Texas anthropologist J. E. Pearce. resident, formerly Alabama, Followed his uncle, John Sutherland Jr., into the Alamo. Spratt is not listed on most lists of Alamo defenders. John J. Linn, Reminiscences of Fifty Years in Texas (New York: Sadlier, 1883; 2d ed., Austin: Steck, 1935; rpt., Austin: State House, 1986). Davenport presented the address, which was published as "The Men of Goliad" in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly (1939). They were among at least 350 men killed in the massacre at Goliad March 27, 1836, just three weeks after the fall of the Alamo. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Hutchinson as killed at the Alamo. Texan sources specify the number of prisoners as 407, exclusive of Miller's men. As he prepared to subdue the Texas colonists Santa Anna was chiefly concerned with the help they expected from the United States. [citation needed], On March 22, William Ward and the Georgia Battalion (80 men plus Ward) surrendered after escaping from the Battle of Refugio. They were later marched to Matamoros. King County was named in his honor. Dimmitt was previously the commander of Texian forces at. rode in with Breece's N.O.Greys, fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo, joined Vol. [citation needed]. Taylor County, Texas is named for him and his brothers, Edward and James, who also died in the Alamo. We'll send you a couple of emails per month, filled with fascinating history facts that you can share with your friends. From the Texas General Land Office blog and Express-News archives, SAPD calls: Body in flooded creek; man dead after hit by train. Served in Capt. "Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution". Those not killed were pursued and slaughtered by gunfire, bayonet, or lance. WebCaptured and then executed at Goliad. (1992). Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Surrounded on all sides and heavily outnumbered, Colonel Fannin surrendered, and terms of the capitulation were agreed upon near Coleto Creek. Were preserving the history, Sifuentes said. Harbert Davenport, James W. Fannin's Part in the Texas Revolution (MS, Harbert Davenport Papers, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin). If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. accessed May 01, 2023, Many of those who eventually escaped were first recaptured and later managed a second escape. A statue of the Angel of Goliad is adorned with flowers at the Presidio La Bahia near Goliad March 25, 2007. Last entry is 30 minutes prior to closing, The Alamo is the property of the State of Texas, and Groneman thinks he was left in the Alamo when Francis L. Desauque was sent out for supplies. operated by. But Portilla's volleys at Goliad, together with the fall of the Alamo, branded both Santa Anna and the Mexican people with a reputation for cruelty and aroused the fury of the people of Texas, the United States, and even Great Britain and France, thus considerably promoting the success of the Texas Revolution. Entered the Alamo on March 1. Ward served as sergeant of volunteers in the garrison at the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. The execution of James W. Fannin, Jr.'s command in the Goliad Massacre was not without precedent, however, and Mexican president and general Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna, who ultimately ordered the exterminations, was operating within Mexican law. Independence under Capt.S.L.Chamblis, Son of Ohio General and Senator Joseph Kerr. "A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin". The Goliad Massacre, set in the town of Goliad on March 27, 1836, was an execution of Republic of Texas soldier-prisoners and their commander, James Fannin, by the Mexican Army. Portilla wrote that the total number of his prisoners was 445, exclusive of William P. Miller's eighty men, who had been captured without arms at Copano and were thus to be spared. King and his men had infuriated their enemies by burning local ranchos and shooting eight Mexicans seated around a campfire, and these enemies were clamoring for vengeance. Shepherd survived the firing squad by pretending to be dead. You have permission to edit this article. Johnson and five others had also been captured but escaped and rejoined James Fannin's command at Goliad. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. The Republic of Vietnam released a list of 4,062 victims identified as having been either murdered or abducted. READ MORE: 6 Things You May Not Know About Santa Anna. Although Fuentes was ordered back to jail afterwards, the action angered many and was partially responsible for the decision for Bowie and Travis to share command. WebAbout 26 men were retained at Victoria as laborers, but 55 prisoners were marched into Goliad, on March 25th. Highest ranking enlisted man in the Alamo, remained in Alamo, resident of Nacogdoches, his parents were John and Jane (Nevin) Wilson, He and his sons were some of the last of garrison to be killed in Alamo Chapel, fought at Siege of Bexar, resident of Gonzales, fought at Siege of Bexar, remained in Alamo, Hopewell believes he entered the Alamo with Bowie. King's company, the others "one by one" (see REFUGIO, BATTLE OF). Santa Anna's main army took no prisoners; execution of the murderous decree of December 30, 1835, fell to Gen. Jos de Urrea, commander of Santa Anna's right wing. Though not as salient as the battle WebThe Goliad Massacre On March 27, 1836, over three hundred Texan prisoners, most of them captured a few days before while battling the Mexican army near Coleto Creek, were executed by Mexican forces . Hobart Huson (Refugio?, Texas, 1949). Colonel Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men executed. Questions or tips? Webgoliad massacre list of victims. ISBN, Nofi, Albert A. Abel Morgan, An Account of the Battle of Goliad and Fanning's Massacre (Paducah, Kentucky?, 1847?). Urrea, in compliance with his promise, wrote to Santa Anna from Guadalupe Victoria, informing him that Fannin and his men were prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government" and recommending clemency; but he reported nothing in his letter of the terms that Fannin and his men had drafted for their surrender. Coordinates: 283851N 972259W / 28.6476N 97.3830W / 28.6476; -97.3830. For a lucky few at Goliad, some soldiers were able to escape the carnage. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. resident, fought at Bexar, badly wounded, joined Chenoweth's company, fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Bexar Guards,( A Mitchell was killed defending Juana Alsbury), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Carey,( A Mitchell was killed defending Juana Alsbury), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Blazeby, fought at Bexar, former Chenoweth's N.O. Burr H. Duval's company, was marched toward the upper ford of the San Antonio River on the Bexar road. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Morman as killed at the Alamo. [8], Spared men were given white arm bands, and while wearing them could walk about freely. Brought in the 18 pounder cannon. Bounty certificates were issued at the rate of 320 acres for every three months of service. They carried waterskins and flintlocks. Arrived at the Alamo on March 1 as commander of the Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers, (the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers). [4] Massacre The Mexicans took the Texans back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance (Presidio La Bahia). Alamo courier with John Smith as listed above, who last left on March 3. He wrote about dwindling supplies, with soldiers diet consisting solely of beef, lacking corn or flour. 18121836) Taylor, Edward (ca. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), Mexican army executes 417 Texas revolutionaries at Goliad, 6 Things You May Not Know About Santa Anna, Why Mexico Won the Alamo but Lost the Mexican-American War, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mexicans-execute-defenders-of-goliad, Japanese cherry trees planted along the Potomac, "March Madness" crowns its first men's NCAA Champion, President Jackson appoints John Eaton as secretary of war and starts scandal, Jumbo jets collide at Canary Islands airport, Fingerprint evidence is used to solve a British murder case, Lincoln, Sherman and Grant plan final stages of Civil War, Kiichiro Toyoda, founder of the Toyota Motor Corporation, dies, Thomas Jefferson elected to the Continental Congress. For information about how to add references, see, Matthew Ellenberger, "HORTON, ALBERT CLINTON," Handbook of Texas Online (, Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, "GOLIAD MASSACRE," Handbook of Texas Online (, Craig H. Roell, "MILLER, WILLIAM PARSONS," Handbook of Texas Online (, Castaneda, H.W. However, the Mexicans would receive overwhelming reinforcements and heavy artillery. Left Alamo as a courier. He was the older brother of Alamo defenders George and James Taylor. Thomas J. Like Johnson's force, both of these groups were eventually killed or captured by the Mexicans. Mabel Major and Rebecca W. Smith, (Austin, TX: H.P.N. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Kent County, Texas is named in his honor. Alamo Noncombatants, Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. A monument marks the burial site outside. Meantime, on March 23, evidently doubting Urrea's willingness to serve as executioner, Santa Anna sent a direct order to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad" to execute the prisoners in his hands. In eight days, home and liberty!". on behalf of Louisa Barton, the widowed sister of his wife. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. rode in as part of the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers, his brother-in-law, Thomas J. Jackson, also died at the Alamo. Contact: mrosenberg@vicad.com or call 361-574-1264. Harold Schoen, comp., Monuments Erected by the State of Texas to Commemorate the Centenary of Texas Independence (Austin: Commission of Control for Texas Centennial Celebrations, 1938). If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Hurricane Township, Lincoln County, Missouri. They were kept separate from the other prisoners, as they had been unarmed and surrendered without a fight. Historian Thomas Ricks Lindley states that Bowman's name did appear on the first monument to Alamo defenders (which was destroyed in 1881), but no other records have been located to verify his service in San Antonio. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Andrews as killed at the Alamo. Despite the protests for clemency by General Jos de Urrea, the massacre was reluctantly carried out by Lt. Please improve this article by adding a reference. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. Lanham, MD: Republic of Texas Press. Few people remember Goliad, outshined by the Alamo, Texas's most famous tourist attraction in downtown San Antonio. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/goliad-massacre. Yet, this move merely fed the flames of Texan resistance. Letters written by a volunteer from Louisville, Kentucky, who came to fight with the San Antonio Greys and died in the massacre at Goliad, shed some light on the hard conditions that some soldiers fought through to help the Texas Revolution. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. Helped compile the first list of slain Alamo defenders for the Telegraph and Texas Register issue of March 24, Fought at Bexar in Parrott's Artillery Company, Navan is on the J.C.Neill list of Carey's company, when Neill left the Alamo in mid February, single, son of John & Elizabeth Mansfield Nelson. Urrea had no desire to execute these men and had promised that they would be treated well. Long accustomed to enjoying considerable autonomy from their Mexican rulers, many Anglo Texan settlers reacted with alarm when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna proclaimed himself dictator of Mexico in 1835. Lindley believes that Roth should be included. Charles Adams Gulick, Jr., Harriet Smither, et al., eds., The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (6 vols., Austin: Texas State Library, 192027; rpt., Austin: Pemberton Press, 1968). Roth is not included on most lists of Alamo defenders. Edward Taylor, Alamo defender, son of Anson and Elizabeth (Maley) Taylor, was born in Tennessee about 1812. You can help preserve the Missouri, Lincoln County, Hurricane Township ! Santa Anna immediately imposed martial law and attempted to disarm the Texans. Portilla suffered an unquiet night weighing these conflicting orders, but he concluded that he was bound to obey Santa Anna's order and directed that the prisoners be shot at dawn. Participated in the siege of Bexar. [6], The entire Texian force was killed except for twenty-eight men who feigned death and escaped. The impact of the Goliad Massacre was crucial. These victories of 1835 then intensified Although not as famous as the Battle of the Alamo, the execution of Fannins troops at According to the written terms, Fannins men were to be treated as prisoners of war under international custom and would be released back to the United States. They said they saw a great black cloud over the fort here, said David Vickers, one of the re-enactors. The doomed men were unshackled from their companions, placed in a separate courtyard, and shot at dusk on March 25, 1843. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/taylor-edward. King and a group of men had been executed on March 16 at Refugio, but some 15 to 18 prisoners were marched to Goliad to serve as blacksmiths or mechanics. ISBN, Edmondson, J.R. (2000). But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Santa Anna, however, had clearly stated several months before that he considered the rebels to be traitors who would be given no quarter. WebGoliad massacre: March 27, 1836 Goliad County, Texas: 342 465 prisoners. Amon B. Traded places at the Alamo with his father(told his father to go back home). Fannin's men delivered up their arms, and some 230 or 240 uninjured or slightly wounded men were marched back to Goliad and imprisoned in the chapel of Nuestra Seora de Loreto Presidio at La Baha, the fort they had previously occupied (see FORT DEFIANCE). Thirty-three Americans were captured in the course of the fighting at Nuestra Seora del Refugio Mission, half of them with Capt. John Shackelford 's Red Rovers and Ira J. Westover's regulars were marched southwestwardly along the San Patricio road. After an escape at Salado, Tamaulipas, on February 11, 1843, some 176 of the men were recaptured within about a week. On the first day of the siege, Bowie sent Jameson as a messenger to speak with representatives of the Mexican army. We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. Magazine of American History. Itd be a whole different thing if you were out here wearing Gore-Tex, said Mobley, who wore hand-sewn leather shoes with pegged-on soles. The Mexican soldiers at La Bahia returned to the funeral pyres and gathered up any visible remains of the Texians and re-burned any evidence of the bodies. accessed May 01, 2023, [1], Kentucky, Logan County !Logan County, Kentucky, William B. This March 18, 2010, photo shows a plaque in the museum at the fort in Goliad, Texas, with the names of 342 who died in the Goliad Massacre. Fought at Bexar, remained in Alamo as Bexar Guard. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. marksman, Capt. Original member of Gonzales Ranging Company. ISBN, del la Teja, Jesus (1991). Smith first left the Alamo on February 23 with one of Travis's first pleas for help. Some of the prisoners taken at Refugio but not executed with King's men are known to have been at Goliad, where they were again spared because they were serving the Mexican army as blacksmiths, wheelwrights, or other artisans. fought at Bexar, San Antonio resident, stayed in Bexar, elected a delegate from the Alamo garrison on February 1 to the independence convention in March, left the Alamo garrison on March 2. original settler of Dewitt's Colony, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32" ), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Carey, played bagpipes accompanied by Crockett's fiddle. Kentucky volunteer told of harsh conditions before Goliad massacre in 1836. From the viewpoint of the Mexican Army, Santa Annas command was justified by a law of December 30, 1835, stipulating that any foreigners caught in the act of taking up arms against Mexico were to be considered pirates and summarily executed. The Goliad Massacre, the tragic termination of the Goliad Campaign of 1836, is of all the episodes of the Texas Revolution the most infamous. Capt. We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. Texas: Graphic Ideas. Combined Books, Inc.. ISBN, Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998). Thomas Breece's company of New Orleans Greys. [9] 640-acre Donation certificates were issued for participating in any one of the following engagements: the Siege of Bexar, the Battle of the Alamo, the Goliad Massacre, and the Battle of San Jacinto. His literary contributions, including Early Times in Texas, were said to have inspired the famous short story writer (and one-time GLO employee) O. Henry. Gonzales resident & merchant, member of Consultation, one of the "Old Eighteen", held title to the western half of Seguin, Texas, Gonzales resident, wife Mary was blind, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32"), Washington County, Tx. Black Bean Episode, WebDr. This March 18, 2010, photo shows the front of Our Lady of Loreto chapel at the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad. Webof Mexican faithlessness at Goliad, and of the treacherous deaths of Colonel Fannin and his men, had spread like wildfire over the United States. Four weeks elapsed between their capture and their execution, enabling Santa Anna to gauge in advance the reaction of New Orleans to their fate. Every dollar helps. [4] Colonel Fannin received an order from General Sam Houston to retreat to Victoria just a few weeks later. In February 1836 Fannin and his garrison
