Nations are listed by their formal names in alphabetical order (A-to-Z). Moroccos ambassador to the UN, Omar Hilale, called for the independence of the Kabyle people in Algeria during a meeting of non-aligned countries. Western Sahara is an integral part of Morocco for Rabat. Click the link in that email to complete registration so you can comment. In the 1890s, the French administration and military called for the annexation of the Tuat region. Their last conflict ended in 1769. o The impossibility of successful international mediation. This was first seen in the territorial dispute that led to the confrontation between the Algerian army and the royal army in 1963 during the Sands War (1963-1964). Let the Morocco and Algeria see who is more powerful. Today, one must consider that this consensus is dead. And that the careers of Algerian and Moroccan security officials, some of whom were recently appointed, are marked by the Sahrawi question and therefore by antagonism with the neighbor. The main culprit? [28] Ironically, at least four AMX-13s had also been donated by Morocco a year earlier. Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Not a week goes by without the Front, systematically relayed by Algeria Press Service (APS), announcing an attack against the Moroccan defense wall, without it being possible to distinguish the part of reality and intoxication. The war began on the night of October 31, 1954. Since 1975, the dominant issue between the two countries has been the conflict in Western Sahara.After the former colonial power Spain withdrew its forces and handed control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, Algeria threw its support behind the local Sahrawi people's claims for self-determination and the Polisario movement fighting on their behalf. But history shows that states do not always have absolute control over their own level of aggressiveness: an escalation that is initially controlled can quickly degenerate. We believe that Africa is poorly represented, and badly under-estimated. The land border closed between the two countries since 1994, and the ongoing diplomatic war on the Western Sahara issue has been added to the case of the call for independence of Kabylia in recent months and the spectacular rapprochement of Morocco with Israel. Algeria also protested against a court ruling that sentenced the man accused of burning the flag to two months in prison. The Algerian High-Security Council (HCS), an organ of consultation between the President of the Republic, the army, and the security services, declared on August 18, 2021, in a statement, that, the incessant hostile acts perpetrated by Morocco against Algeria required the revision of relations between the two countries and the intensification of security control at the Western borders. Beyond the vast opportunity manifest in African markets, we highlight people who make a difference; leaders turning the tide, youth driving change, and an indefatigable business community. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. In doing so, they have effectively pledged their support to Morocco. Nine African war veterans finally return to their home countries with the insurance to get their full pensions. On May 18, 2021, the government classified the pro-independence Movement for Self-Determination of Kabylia (MAK) as a terrorist organization after a meeting of the High-Security Council (HCS). In order to understand what is at stake, it is worth reflecting on several points: - First, for there to be a war, there must be two opposing camps, either alone as countries or in coalition with other allies. [11] In the Treaty of Lalla Maghnia (March 18, 1845), which set the border between French Algeria and Morocco, it is stipulated that "a territory without water is uninhabitable and its boundaries are superfluous"[12] and the border is delineated over only 165km. Algiers is seeking to reassert its weight in the region after several years of retreat that had left the way open for Rabats influence at the regional and international levels. The review of relations referred to in the HCS statement risks including restoration of travel visas between the two countries and a reduction in economic cooperation at a time when both markets need more opportunities. It was, therefore, disinclined to support Morocco's historical claims to Tindouf and Bechar or the concept of a Greater Morocco. Source : wikipedia.org worlddata.infoGlobalfirepower================ About Morocco Army English :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: Al-Quwwat al-Bariyah al-Malakiyah al-Maghribiyah, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: tasrdast tagldant) is the branch of the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.The Royal Moroccan Army is about 215,000 troops strong and consists of 195,000 professional soldiers and 20,000 conscripts. That is what we believe will change the continent, and that is what we report on. In short, it would be a matter of arranging peaceful coexistence between dissimilar regimes that have given up at least for Morocco on the chimerical idea of a kind of Maghreb integration. - Some of these stepping stones to armed conflict have already been completed: severance of diplomatic relations; total cooling of economic and trade relations; cancellation of contracts of joint ventures operating in both countries; suspension of the bilateral contract for the joint use of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline linking Algeria-Morocco-Spain and Portugal; ban on Moroccan civilian and military flights over Algerian airspace; cancellation of international meetings of a multilateral nature in which both countries could be present (absence of the Moroccan and Algerian ministers at the Union for the Mediterranean meeting in Barcelona; suspension of the Russia-Arab World meeting in Marrakesh, to which the Algerian minister was invited; harsh dialectical clashes between the two diplomacies in various United Nations forums). However, the "sources" are anonymous, which leaves a certain amount of uncertainty. Look at Vietnam. Since the evacuation in mid-November by Moroccan forces of the Guerguerat crossing, blocked for several weeks by Sahrawi independence fighters, it is again, if one is to believe the latter, war between Rabat and the Polisario. During the Cold War, the late King Hassan II used this conflict as an instrument, drawing a parallel between the Western Sahara conflict and the confrontation between East and West, citing Algerias ideological proximity to the USSR. The Sand War led to heightened tensions between the two countries for several decades. The day after Canal Algerie, the country's main public broadcaster, finally mentioned Morocco and displayed its red flag with green star after their quarterfinal win against Portugal, the director . [23] Terms of this agreement included a reaffirmation of the previously established borders in Algeria's favor and restoration of the status quo. Get your free PDF by completing the following form. Relations between arch-enemies Morocco and Algeria have hit a new low after three Algerian truck drivers were killed on Monday. Even in regions where Ben Bella's regime remained deeply unpopular, such as Kabylie, the population offered to take up arms against the Moroccan invaders. Backed by neighbouring Algeria, the Polisario waged a guerrilla war until the . Countries similar in appearance but heterogeneous in fact. [23], Multiple actors, including the Arab League, Tunisia's Habib Bourguiba, Libya's King Idris, and Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, sought to moderate negotiations. Give yourself a headstart: Not a week goes by without a new report of an attack on Moroccos defensive wall. This is part two of a five-part series. Algeria has been using the Gaz-Maghreb-Europe pipeline (GME) for the past 25 years to deliver natural gas to Spain and Portugal via Morocco. [38] On October 29, Hassan and Ben Bella met to negotiate in Bamako, Mali, joined by Emperor Selassie and Mali's President Modibo Keta. The Algerian presidency issued a statement accusing Morocco of carrying out an attack with a "sophisticated weapon" on two Algerian transport convoys. The land border between Morocco and Algeria has already been closed since 1994 at the behest of the Algerian regime, after Morocco blamed its secret services for a terrorist attack in a hotel in Marrakech carried out by French citizens of North African descent, imposed visas for Algerian nationals, and expelled those who didn't hold residence Morocco and Algeria: will there be war in 2022? The conflict was a Cold War theater: Algeria was . On the Moroccan side, Rabat denied such baseless allegations and declared that it has undertaken to sue the consortium behind the investigation for defamation before the criminal court in Paris. [22] However, one of the FLN's primary objectives was to prevent France from splitting the strategic Sahara regions from a future Algerian state. In this regard, Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat, and political scientist wrote of Morocco that it has been, for a century at the intersection of the great strategies of foreign powers, which forces its leaders to maneuver with art, subtlety, and authority.. [29] The Soviet Union supplied Algeria with ten T-34 tanks, but these were equipped for clearing minefields and were delivered without turrets or armament. According to the investigation by the Forbidden Stories Consortium and Amnesty International, about 6,000 Algerian phone numbers including some belonging to senior political, military, and intelligence officials, including current Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra, as well as the current and former army chief of staff were identified as targets of the Pegasus software, which was marketed by the Israeli company NSO in 2019. Please enable Javascript in order to access to this story. The latter mentioned in particular stealth drones it is understood that they were supplied by Israel to Morocco which would have spread the fires in Kabylia. The Algerian government is taking this case particularly seriously since it is firmly opposed to any desire for independence from Kabylia, an Amazigh/ Berber-speaking region in northeast Algeria. In previous times, for example, during the so-called War of the Sands in 1963, the war clashes in 1976, and in the 1980s in the midst of an armed confrontation between the Moroccan armed forces and the Polisario Front guerrillas, which resulted in thousands of deaths, wounded and prisoners, diplomatic relations between Algeria and Morocco were maintained. Immediately, it risks materializing as Algiers rearming the Polisario, which has declared that it is no longer concerned with the ceasefire and has been at war with the Moroccan presence in Western Sahara since November 2020. The Western Sahara conflict. The governments of both Morocco and Algeria used the war to describe opposition movements as unpatriotic. [23] The following year the two leaders set up a commission to demarcate the border and examine prospects for joint efforts to mine iron ore in the disputed region. Simply use the dropdowns below to select your global powers. In addition, Morocco has been keen on mending ties with various European countries, among them Germany, after several fallouts in the past year. The Western Sahara crisis continues to poison relations between the two states. [4] Although they were initially described as an advisory contingent to train the Algerian army, Fidel Castro also authorized their deployment in combat actions to safeguard Algeria's territorial integrity. Morocco caught up with Algeria . Why is Netflix pouring billions into South Korean shows? While Moroccos financial support for the MAK leadership abroad is in little doubt for many dissidents of the organization born in the aftermath of the Kabyle Black Spring of 2001 (126 deaths), no actions by Algiers in support of the Rif Hirakare known yet, but this could change under the terms of the HCS communiqu. You can follow Professor Mohamed Chtatou on Twitter: @Ayurinu, 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved. The Algerian authorities no longer see Morocco as a rival but as a potential enemy, seeking to destabilize a regime already weakened by an economy damaged by the fall in the price of oil in 2014 and by a political situation that has been at a standstill since the emergence of the Hirakin February 2019, a peaceful movement demanding a democratic transition. Welcome to the next big thing; WhoWouldWinAFight.com (WWWAF.com), the best online resource for determining - once and for all - who would win in a fight. Here are the most prominent tensions between the two countries over the past decades: Algeria and Morocco confronted each other militarily over a border dispute in the so-called Sand War in October 1963 following Algerias independence on July 5, 1962. Relations between the two North African states have been marred by several crises since their independence, particularly the 1963 Sand War, the . It stalled due to unexpectedly stubborn resistance from the town's Algerian and Egyptian garrison. [24] Ben Bella's fledgling administration was still attempting to rebuild the country after the enormous damage caused by the Algerian War and was already pre-occupied with an insurgency by the FFS led by Hocine At Ahmed opposed to Ben Bella's autocratic rule. [40] However, a Malian officer arrived on November 4 and enforced the Bamako Accord, ending the hostilities. o The accumulation of war material must reach a level at which victory over the enemy is conceivable. He has taught in the past some courses in universities in the USA, Spain, France, Italy, England and Greece. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. In this video, I have compared the air and naval forces of both countries with you================ Arabic : . The situation is now more complex with the emergence of the POLIS ARIO Front in Spanish Sahara. By downloading this PDF you agree to subscribe to The Africa Report Daily newsletter, This year's AU could work to Morocco's advantage over Western Sahara, Morocco/Algeria : Tensions on the rise after Algerian show mocks the King, Morocco/Algeria: Western Sahara conflict shows signs of escalation, Morocco/Algeria: The armed forces behind the Western Sahara conflict, Morocco/Algeria: Military leaders in the shadows, Morocco/Algeria: Jeune Afrique, a magazine caught between two mortal enemies. It is now on the military terrain that this almost fifty-year antagonism between the two enemy brothers is unfolding. On Nov. 1, three Algerian citizens were killed in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Online tool for comparing the current military strengths of two world powers. 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Three factors contributed to the outbreak of this conflict: the absence of a precise delineation of the border between Algeria and Morocco, the discovery of important mineral resources in the disputed area, and the Moroccan irredentism fueled by the Greater Morocco[9] ideology of the Istiqlal Party and Allal al-Fassi.[10]. For Mediterranean and Atlantic leaders, it wants to be the bridge of communication, information and understanding between cultures. The battle between Morocco and Algeria is for "leadership in the region." the paper's sources said, adding that Algeria "must implement a more aggressive diplomatic strategy." "Over the. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. Medgaz was the backup plan. [4] The Royal Moroccan Army soon crossed into Algeria in force and succeeded in taking the two border posts of Hassi-Beida and Tindjoub. But I will answer your question to the best of my ability. In 2015, Algeria's military budget was $11 billion, while Morocco's was only $3 billion. While Tebboune has been upfront that his country would go to war with Morocco, both experts believe that there is actually little reason to fear an armed conflict at the moment. Nabil Adghoghi, the first advisor to the Mission of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Union, confirms that the foreign policy of the Sherifian Kingdom is anchored in Europe with a marked economic openness. Such an action can basically defuse the tension between Morocco and Algeria and make this movement bear the brunt of mounting aggressivity in the region. [40] The attack was denounced and dramatized by the Moroccan Government. Dr. Mohamed Chtatou is a Professor of MENA region area studies at Universit Internationale de Rabat -UIR- and of Education at Universit Mohammed V in Rabat, as well. With hard-hitting investigations, innovative analysis and deep dives into countries and sectors, The Africa Report delivers the insight you need. Moroccan King Mohammed VI urges Algeria to put aside the differences between the two neighbours and open a new page in their relations. [31] On October 13, 1963, Moroccan ground units launched a major offensive on Tindouf. The Algerian Prosecutors Office has opened an investigation to shed light on the materiality and extent of these crimes that threaten international peace and security, as well as human security, according to the official statement from Algiers.
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