Be the first to add an BHS famous alumni. Meet our Team. Mike Thomas, Superintendent of Schools | Mayor Robert F. Sullivan, Please send us photos of your BHS alumni get-togethers. Education has always been paramount to the City of Brockton. The Boxers' record during this period was 118-14-0. Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net. Take these factors into account to determine the right fit for a soon-to-be high school student. Brockton, MA 02303 The BHS Alumni Association is an all-volunteer, non-profit organization. We will add translations as soon as they become available. If you hold your event, please be sure to send photos so everyone can enjoy the memories. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 14:59. promotes the subject in a subjective manner, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System, Special Master of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, Jimmy Luxury and the Tommy Rome Orchestra, "Search for Public Schools - Brockton High (250309000385)", "Top 100 Largest High Schools in America", 4,100 Students Prove Small Is Better Rule Wrong, Core Skills, Not MCAS, Turned Brockton High Around, "Brockton Enterprise article from 2021 about plans for expanding the campus", "Enrollment Data (2021-22) - Brockton High (00440505)", "Marciano Statue Unveiled in Brockton | Boxing News | Fightnews", New principal looks to build on success of Brockton High, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brockton_High_School&oldid=1151041099. Montana administered the ACT to high school students. The BHS Alumni Association awarded $1,000 scholarships to four outstanding Class of 2017 graduates. He has a National Honor Society Inspirational Teacher Award, a Community Justice Task Force Citation, a Superintendent Red Apple, and a T.E.A.M Challenge Exceptional Mentor Award. Register for FREE today to view the profiles of 26,473 other alumni. Post your Brockton High School class reunion information here and receive a free reunion planning website with the reunion tools you need for the perfect class reunion. Brockton High School | 1,409 followers on LinkedIn. best fit for you. Members of the Class of 1973 celebrated their 45th anniversary on November 23 at Thorny Lea Golf Club in Brockton. More than two dozen alumni returned to BHS on July 29 to run a basketball clinic for 100 Brockton children and to raise money for scholarships. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the College Board. Brockton High School Class of 1985. 21 talking about this. (Pasadena, California) On top of these notable alumni, other famous athletes once studied at this high school such as Ken MacAfee and Rudy Harris who were important NFL players in the nineties. #BoxersForever #BoxersBringingIt Alumni Snapshot 2022 BHS Alumni Hockey game on April 9, 2022 Used with permission. * . [7] Between 2000 and 2001, more students went from failing to passing at Brockton High than at any other school in Massachusetts. Brockton High Class of 1970 Brockton, Ma. Brockton High School 2022 Rankings. * Former Boxer skaters from the Classes of 2017 to as far back as 1976 (Bill OLeary) were represented for the game that Eric Ampuja 01 assembled. Find Alumni in Massachusetts > * the only high school (Groton, Massachusetts) Get one-on-one help building your admissions strategy from CollegeAdvisor's team of over 400+ Admissions Experts. School profile information is based on government data. Dierdof is a Hall of Fame football player and a longtime NFL broadcaster. From 19791992, Brockton was one of the most dominant high school football teams in the country. * Send items to, If you prefer to pay by check, make it payable to. Divine (class of 63) + Michael Phelps (class of 2003). Larry Fine (class of 20) + Noam Chomsky (class of 45). Are you looking for alumni from Brockton High School? Brockton High has also had a number of notable alumni who have gone on to success in other sports. Click here to submit your review. <>>> Classical and Modern Language Honor Society Induction (BHS) 1:00 PM. Photos Courtesy of Marc Vasconcellos/The Enterprise. She has traveled and taught worldwide in Cuba, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Turkey, Oman, the Venice Carnival, Hong Kong, Iceland, Dubai and more.. She has published books, multiple photo educational DVDs, produced online classes, speaks globally, and prepares custom mentoring programs for emerging photographers. Frequently Asked Questions about the NFL and Football, Pro-Football-Reference.com Blog and Articles, Subscribe to Stathead Football: Get your first month FREE. Schools are ranked on their performance on state-required tests, graduation and how well they prepare students for college. September 30, 2023. is there a 40th reunion planned ? * Phelps won 22 Olympic swimming medals. We greatly appreciate your wonderful support." 10/3/2017 "Thanks for all your hard work and ingenious . Since 1972, the football team has made 17 appearances in the MIAA Division 1 State Championship game, winning it 11 times. Each year, more than $50,000 in scholarships are awarded to graduating seniors pursuing a college education. The sophomores attended in the afternoon while the upperclassmen took their classes in the morning. Walters is a celebrity newswoman known for mispronouncing her r-sounds. * He is also a Board Member of the No Struggle No Progress Memorial Foundation. endobj Her MassHire Media Program will provide two cohorts of 20 students each with professional development skills, conduct career exploration activities, and learn photography/web design from industry professionals. [citation needed] In 2006, Brockton High School was a recipient of the National School Change Award. Washington-Lee in Virginia produced Oscar-winning actresses Shirley MacLaine (class of '52) and Sandra Bullock (class of '82). The psychologist and author of 'Outsmart Your Brain' explains what's wrong with the way students study. % If possible, try to include names and BHS graduation years. Kudos to you and your staff. 29. Her 35-year portfolio ranges from two-plus decades of commercial shoots in Los Angeles to insightful portraits with unique and personally-designed lighting techniques. Carlito has organized drives to help students with new footwear, planning free football clinics and weightlifting trainings for athletes citywide including in memory of his late Brockton High teammate Henry Thevenin -- and fosters relationships of trust and support. stream September 13, 2023. 4.2% Multi-Race, Non-Hispanic 5. Over 20 players from Brockton have played in the. Brockton High School 470 Forest Avenue Brockton, MA 02301 PHONE: 508-580-7633 Hours: 7:20 a.m. - 1:59 p.m. Want to learn how to stand out to Admissions Officers at your top colleges? C Gerard Cassidy Claire D. Cronin D Dark Journey (wrestling) H Pooch Hall Rudy Harris Mark Hartsell K John Kiely (baseball) L Al Louis-Jean M Two or More Races, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black and Asian are not included in this breakdown due to an enrollment of 0%. CENTRAL HIGH The Brockton campus features eight buildings and it's situated on a compact urban campus that also includes a fine arts center and a large gym. Register for Free to see all Brockton High School alumni! [4] Lots of high schools specialize in the kind of alumni they turn out. There are currently plans underway for an expansion and renovation of the school, which would include a new state-of-the-art STEM building. The Class of 1968 celebrated its 50th anniversary reunion on November 24 at George's Cafe in Brockton. Join group. Help your BPS/BHS Alumni Fund support today'sBrockton students so they can have a positive educational experience. Fine was one of the Three Stooges. Read and submit stories about our classmates from Brockton High School, post achievements and news about our alumni, and post photos of our fellow Boxers. 210 members 2 posts a week. There currently are more than 60,000 graduates of Brockton High School spread throughout all 50 states. Brockton for your family. . Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. At Brockton High School, He served Ward 4 on the School Committee from 2016 - 2020 and was on the Community . Divine was the large drag queen who appeared in a whole bunch of John Waters films. Folasade Adesida 2009-2013. By 2001 student performance improved. Carlito Weaver is described as a Brockton ambassador who returned after college to invest in its youth not only as a Brockton High School Adjustment Counselor, and football/track coach, but as a role model for city youth. 8. [6], Nahyo M. Kim of The New York Times wrote that in a period around 10 years before 2010, Brockton High "was a case study in failure". Many districts contain only one high school. AlumniClass.com is not affiliated with and is independent of any school, school district, alumni association or any other sites. In 2008 78% of the graduating senior class planned to pursue a college degree. 221 members 4 posts a year. As of 2021-22, the school has approximately 3,943 students. Brockton High School Conley Funeral & Cremation Service Monday, April 3, 2023 Add Photos 1 Memory Madelyn E. Kubiak Madelyn E. (Zoino) Kubiak passed away peacefully on March 31, 2023 in her. 2 0 obj Highlights. Kaufman was a performance artist known for (among other things) wrestling women. At the school, he led the Bishops to five catholic Conference titles and three Massachusetts Class D State Championships. 10. It's one of the largest high schools in the United States and the largest one in the state of Massachusetts. Please check back in February 2024 for the 2024 program. Gwynne played Herman Munster on The Munsters from 1964 to 66. Kids move through academic content at their own pace with this instructional approach. Shaleah is the founder of Black Owned Brockton, a Black Business advocacy program that amplifies the voices of small business owners and new entrepreneurs, many being BHS alumni. Early dismissal: 11 a.m. Cynthia Burns Principal cynthiaeburns@bpsma.org Carolyn Copp Associate Principal carolynacopp@bpsma.org Garry Guilloteau Assistant Principal of School Climate and Culture jeandguilloteau@bpsma.org Can you image these two making a reunion entrance together? State Championships (14) - 1948, 1960, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2004, 2005, State Finalists (11) - 1950, 1958, 1959, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1989, 1998, 2006, 2008, 2012, Undefeated seasons (17) - 1899, 1900, 1924, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1945, 1958, 1959, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1984, 1985, 1987, 2005, One-loss seasons (15) - 1897, 1918, 1921, 1930, 1938, 1948, 1960, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992. Decide on fundraising and what bank to hold account, Use application on file in BHS Guidance Office or develop one of your own. This information relates to high schools run by this school's state operating agency. During this 14-year period, the Boxers' won 6 state championships, won 11 league championships, had 3 undefeated seasons, and had 8 one-loss seasons. "Your site is amazing. The Seminole Indians surrendered to the Tamiami Trail. At least 31 states require teens to take driver's education before getting a license. Class of 1961 Jeffrey Bird Class of 1982 Gregory "Greg" Bithell Class of 1982 David Caldwell In some areas, families can use public money to access schools beyond their local option. 3. U.S. News calculates these values for schools based on student performance on state-required tests and internationally available exams on college-level coursework (AP and IB exams). He was recently named Assistant Principal at the Champion High School at the Keith Center. Brian McFadden - Cartoonist for The New York Times, Greg McMurtry - NFL football player, attended Michigan, played for the Chicago Bears & New England Patriots, Rocky Marciano - Heavyweight boxing champion, Freddie Moncewicz - Former MLB player (Boston Red Sox), Tyrone Pruitt - NFL football player, attended Boston College, played for the Detroit Lions, Wally Snell - Former MLB player (Boston Red Sox). 581 members 2 posts a week. Brockton High School Class of 2002 Reunion Page. Your support also enables us toprovide opportunities for both social and career networking among all BHSgraduates. Ready to reconnect Register now to reconnect with all 26,563 Brockton High School alumni Alumni List Last Name: All Nic Albertson 2008-2012 Darlungton Alce 1991-1995 Deborah Allen 1979-1983 Jeannette Armand 2008-2012 Polianna Barbosa 1998-2002 Melissa Bayer 1992-1996 John Beals 1972-1976 Elizabeth Bergstrom 1977-1981 Needly Bernado 2015-2019 Brockton High School Class of 73, 50th Reunion. 1 0 obj 3 0 obj While theres nothing wrong with that, I appreciate schools that nurtureddrastically different individuals. She also operates pop-up shops around Brockton and is collaborating with The Brockton Farmers Market, Brockton Redevelopment Authority, and PROVA! * Notable Alumni. 14.4% White 2. MIAMI BEACH HIGH (Florida) We realize that a Brockton High School year book may be hard to find so registering to complete your school's Virtual Yearbook APPROVED 2022-2023 CALENDAR (APPROVED MAY 3, 2022), APPROVED 2022-23 SUPPLEMENTAL CALENDAR (APPROVED MAY 3, 2022). Brockton High School Alumni Association 199 likes. (1972, 1973, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2004, 2005). Ready to reconnect Register now to reconnect with all 26,557 Brockton High School alumni . Brockton High School 470 Forest Avenue Brockton, MA 02301 ( School attendance zone shown in map) Rating : 3/ 10 Bottom 50% Tel: (508) 580-7633 www.brocktonpublicschools.com SAVE SCHOOL Brockton High School serves 4,046 students in grades 9-12. These include Mark Bavaro (New York Giants), Kevin Mack (Buffalo Bills), Bruce Smith (Detroit Lions), Dwight Stephenson (Minnesota Vikings), and Eric Wright (San Diego Chargers). Do you have a blog? Brockton High School is Elementary Family-School Conferences - Early Release PreK-5. Best wishes everyone, and jobs well done! In honor of 50 years, Dr. Claire Appling, the first female dean of BHS, was honored with a Golden Diploma, and Brockton High School Alumni Association President Anne Beauregard was chosen to unveil our new 50th-anniversary banner for the BHS lobby. The purpose of the Alumni Association is to promote and further excellence of education and study within New Brockton High School, and to aid and assist with any undertaking in connection with such promotion and furtherance as may from time to time be approved by those in charge of the administration of the affairs of New Brockton High School. of Brockton High School find and contact you. A Wikipedia page lists three obscure entertainers among my old schools notable alumni, and a bunch of jocks, including high jumper Dick Fosbury. Shaleah shepherds students to obtain nationally/industry recognized credentials in Health Care, Manufacturing and Tech. [11] Before Colombo arrived in Brockton in 1969, he was the head coach at nearby Archbishop Williams High School from 19551968. Register for free to see them all, or buy a printed copy of yearbooks from Brockton High School from Brockton, Massachusetts today. Mike Thomas, Superintendent of Schools | Mayor Robert F. Sullivan. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. We recognize the importance of finding the right education in We recognize the importance of finding the right education in show you a personalized ranking of which colleges are the By the 1960s, student numbers exceeded capacity, causing split sessions; upperclassmen and sophomores attended school at different times of the day. Brockton High School, established in 1870, is a high school located in Brockton, Massachusetts. Our students come from 45 cities around southern Massachusetts and participate in a wide range of academic extracurriculars and competitive athletics. Board members Mike Morris, Anne Beauregard and Carl Landerholm, the students are (L to R): Kelsie Drown (John Waldron Scholarship), Jennifer Greiner, Destyne Rodriguez-Fitzgerald and Samantha Ulich. The actual mascot is a dog, but the name is a pun in reference to Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, two famous boxers from Brockton. High school students take AP exams and IB exams to earn college credit and demonstrate success at college-level coursework. 540 5th St., Brockton, Montana| (406) 786-3311. In 2012, a nearly 30-foot tall bronze statue of Rocky Marciano was erected outside the north end of the stadium as a tribute to the boxer.[13]. Pauling was the first person to win two undivided Nobel prizes; Ely sang lead vocals for the Kingsmen on the 1963 trash-rock classic, Louie Louie. Please get involved -- join a committee, attend an event, etc. Coordinated Family & Community Engagement, Support for Families Experiencing Homelessness, 2017 Alumni Association Scholarship Recipients, Steve Greene '65 Receives the 2017 Distinguished Alumni Award, 2017 Brockton High Golf Team Fundraising Tournament. Rachel Adelman 1987-1991. [5], When Brockton High was founded, it could house only 125 students. This educational institution has a long and impressive history as it was founded back in 1870. We have tools and resources that can help you use sports data. Brockton High School 2022 Rankings. Students. Dan Dierdorf (class of 67) + Marilyn Manson (class of 87). endobj We're looking for volunteers of all ageswho want to be leaders in these areas: For further information about each of these new committees, contact BHSALUMNI@bpsma.org. T 8>-;x=,|!fO'^W. Brockton High School isunranked in the National Rankings. 2010 ? Hoover was the uptight head of the FBI who happened to be gay. Click on the Yearbooks below to view a copy Online at Classmates.com. [citation needed] Brockton High School was one of 7 schools in the United States to receive this award. [4] Brockton High School's colors are Black & Red and their mascot is the Boxers, which is a reference to the storied boxing history of the city, and also a tribute to hall-of-fame boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, who are both from Brockton and alumni of Brockton High School. [citation needed], In 2008, Brockton students had a higher level of improvement on the English MCAS than 90% of the Massachusetts high schools. In 1965, the ground for the new building was broken and in 1970, the school was complete. All Players. Colombo retired as head coach in 2002 with an overall record of 316-100-5. Brockton High School Class of 1985 Reunion Info The BHS Alumni Association provides networking and. National Percentile on College-level Exams. With a capacity of approximately 10,000 people, Marciano Stadium is one of the largest high school stadiums in Massachusetts and is one of the premier facilities in the state as well. BHS - Ceremony for Medical Interpretation Students. Maureen McCormick (early 70s) + Ice Cube (late 80s). The Class of 2008 celebrated its 10th anniversary reunion on November 24 aboard the Spirit of Boston cruise. Brockton High School. Brockton High School is ranked #12,881 in the National Rankings.Schools are ranked on their performance on state-required tests, graduation and how well they . Harold Adelman 1953-1957. All rights reserved. This high school is known to have a rich boxing history as the famous boxer Rocky Marciano was an alumnus at Brockton High School back in the days. GLENOAK HIGH (Canton, Ohio) Bobbi received a Special Recognition Award for Education at APA Nationals 25th Anniversary and Photo District News named her one of its Top 13 Workshop Instructors. It's a reunion year for Class of '73, Class of '83, Class of '93, Class of '03, and Class of '13. Find out more. It is a part of Brockton Public Schools. Home > * The Boxers have also won 1 MSSPA State Championship (1948), and 2 MIAC State Championships (1960, 1970); bringing their total number of state championships to 14. The district proudly offers dual language programs in French, Portuguese and Spanish beginning in kindergarten. Thank you! The Brockton Public Schools provides a variety of programs to meet the unique needs of every learner. Brockton, MA, 02301, Cathie Leger - 508-580-7477 Class of 73 These counts and percentages of students and teachers are from data reported by schools to the government. * Ronald Adelman 1976-1980. As the population of Brockton grew, there was increasing demand for a larger building. Your Alumni Association has five general areas of involvement. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. endobj 7. may be the next best thing to finding Brockton High School yearbooks. Brockton High in Massachusetts, for instance, gave us boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler. Best wishes everyone, and jobs well done! Like . There are currently no Brockton Brockton, MA notable alumni listed. Steve Greene '65 (center), Chairman of the Board and co-owner of WB Mason, received the 2017 Distinguished Alumni Award from the BHS Alumni Association on April 6, 2017. Spectator Policy. Just tell us a little about yourself. The list of names is also useful for getting together a Brockton High School reunion if you don't have a complete list of the students from your graduating class of Brockton (Brockton, MA) Alumni Pro Stats. [7] Around that period, about 1/3 of students of each Brockton class dropped out. Want to learn how to stand out to Admissions Officers at your top colleges? Andy Kaufman (class of 67) + Sarah Hughes (class of 2003). The stadium in which the Boxers' football, field hockey, soccer and outdoor track teams compete is named Rocky Marciano Stadium in honor of the legendary boxer. 0.1% Native American, Armond Colombo, who coached at Brockton for 34 years (19692002), has the second-most wins of a head coach in Massachusetts history, behind only Ken LaChapelle of Northbridge High School. [4], In 2005, 98% of the senior class (850 students) graduated. 1. Data are based on the 2020-2021, 2019-2020 and 2018-2019 academic years. One of BHSs famed authors, Dave Wedge 88 also put on a uniform and played for Team Red pictured in the back row, next to one of the Team White players. The class of 2002's 10 year reunion will be held on Saturday December 29th 2012 at The Lantana 43 Scanlon Drive Randolp Send items to bhsalumni@bpsma.org. By 2010 it was one of the highest performing schools on the MCAS.[7]. Housing insecurity has a huge impact on students' education, so some schools are taking action. If possible, try to include names and BHS graduation years. Kristian Alfonso - Actress; Garfield Bright - Pop singer in R&B group Shai (band) Kenneth Feinberg - Special Master of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund; Mike Gordon - Former MLB player (Chicago Cubs) Marvin Hagler - Middleweight boxing champion From the Everglades the remnants of this race emerged, soon after the trail was built, to set up their palm-thatched villages along the road and to hoist tribal flags as a lure to passing motorists.For the State of Florida, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943), Garfield Bright - Pop singer in R&B group Shai (band), Kenneth Feinberg - Special Master of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, Mike Gordon - Former MLB player (Chicago Cubs), Marvin Hagler - Middleweight boxing champion, Rudy Harris - NFL football player, attended Clemson, played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Kim Kelleher - National Board Certified School Counselor, John Kiely - Former MLB player (Detroit Tigers), Ken MacAfee - NFL football player, attended Notre Dame, played for the San Francisco 49ers. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. In 1965, the City Council Finance Committee approved an $8 million proposal to construct a new high school to accommodate the swelling student body. Our 2022 BHSAA Annual Alumni Awards recipients will be celebrated at an awards presentation ceremony from 5:30-8 p.m. on Wednesday, June 1, 2022, in the Little Theater at Brockton High School. Terrence Adderley 2007-2011. At one time, the highest number of students housed in the school was 4,250. International Baccalaureate (IB) data provided by International Baccalaureate of North America. Coming together for our 2021 graduation ceremonies was a fantastic way to end the 2020-2021 school year for our seniors, the 50th graduating class at the new Brockton High School. As of 2016 Brockton High School, with 4,029 students, is one of the largest high schools in the United States [3] and the largest high school in Massachusetts. Brockton for your family. 6. . Since the football teams' inaugural season in 1897, they have achieved 17 undefeated seasons, as well as achieving 15 one-loss seasons. With Exec. Sincerely, Brockton High School Alumni Association BHSALUMNI@bpsma.org Give Back To Where It All Started Brockton High School Alumni Association is a corporation organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes within Elementary Family-School Conferences - Early Release PreK-5. Plymouth, MA. * WASHINGTON HIGH Just tell us a little about yourself. George S. Patton (class of 1903) + Eddie Van Halen (class of 73). Your onlinetax-deductible donation supportsStudents Helping Students -- Past, Present and Future. Mike Thomas, Superintendent of Schools | Mayor Robert F. Sullivan, Coordinated Family & Community Engagement, Support for Families Experiencing Homelessness, Ashfield National Junior Honor Society Induction Ceremony, Bilingual PAC Family Bingo Night & Voting Day for BPAC Parent Leaders, Plouffe National Junior Honor Society Induction Ceremony, Davis National Junior Honor Society Induction Ceremony, North National Junior Honor Society Induction Ceremony, Edison Academy Only: End of Fourth Term/Quarter (Projected), Davis International Luncheon (In-School Event). Inspiring Learners and Leaders. Our 2022 BHSAA Annual Alumni Awards recipients will be celebrated at an awards presentation ceremony from 5:30-8 p.m. on Wednesday, June 1, 2022, in the Little Theater at Brockton High School. Check out our calendar for the latest updates, and don't forget to "Like" us on Facebook, connect with us on LinkedIn, or click on the other social media icons at the bottom of this page. Or write about sports? These figures display how well the school as a whole performed in reading, mathematics, and science. Preview pages of the 1975 yearbook from Brockton High School from Brockton, Massachusetts online. Do you have a sports website? There are more than 60,000 Brockton High School graduates spread throughout all 50 states. DET for over 40 years and also many with the Brockton Parks & Recreation Department, heading up the. Full Site Menu. On September 23, more than 60 golfers --including many BHS alumni and former staff members -- enjoyed a beautiful day at Brockton Country Club and raised almost $2,000 for scholarships, golf supplies and driving range time for this year's team. They were a dedicated group who continued their education and as BHS alumni have brought honor not only to the school, but to their city. Brockton High School is unranked in the National Rankings.Schools are ranked on their performance on state-required tests, graduation and how well they prepare . Hotel 1620
How Much Does Ag Exemption Save In Texas,
Aarp Restaurant Discounts 2022,
Articles B
