compare and contrast dr ornish and dr atkins

An Atkins diet often shows a greater reduction in triglycerides by comparison. The Atkins diet has four phases: Phase 1: Induction A person consumes less than 20 grams (g) of carbs each day. He is recognized internationally as a leader in the field of nutritional influences in neurological disorders. 1987;76:504-507. J Cardiovasc Risk. After multivariate adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) (95 percent CI) of total mortality for a one-serving-per-day increase was 1.13 (1.071.20) for unprocessed red meat and 1.20 (1.151.24) for processed red meat. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. In another study, 70% of patients on an Atkins diet for 6 months were constipated, 65% had halitosis, 54% reported headaches, and 10% had hair loss (59). Companies such as McDonalds consulted him on the formulation of healthier foods, and he held lucrative positions on the advisory boards of PepsiCo and Safeway. Explain the scientific basis of each author's position. 1968;2:702-703. Am J Med. Leaf A, Weber PC. Telling people what they want to believe is part of the reason that the Atkins diet has become so popular. They should not be used to make claims about cause and effect; doing so is considered by nutrition scientists to be inappropriate and misleading. The reason: People who eat a lot of animal protein often make other lifestyle choices that increase their disease risk, and although researchers try to make statistical adjustments to control for these confounding variables, as theyre called, its a very imperfect science. HDL is important only to the extent that it affects atherosclerosis and myocardial perfusion, it is not a disease. Spady DK, Dietschy JM. Dean Ornish, in full Dean Michael Ornish, (born July 16, 1953, Dallas, Texas, U.S.), American physician and author whose approach to treating heart disease through radical diet modification and exercise generated significant debate in the medical community and attracted a popular following. WebMean 12-month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, -4.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.3 to -3.1 kg), Zone, -1.6 kg (95% CI, -2.8 to -0.4 kg), LEARN, -2.6 kg (-3.8 to -1.3 kg), In locations such as Asia, where a low-fat diet has been the norm, HDL-C levels are low, yet the incidence of CVD is among the lowest in the world (43). Both eating plans recommend avoiding saturated fat from animal proteins and full-fat dairy. If they stop eating desserts, they consume less fat as well as less sugar. A low-fat diet decreases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by decreasing HDL apolipoprotein transport rates. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL. Ornish moved to San Francisco in July 1984 after accepting a teaching position at the University of California School of Medicine. One-year effectiveness of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets in decreasing body weight and heart disease risk. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Jacobs DR, Pereira MA, Meyer KA, Kushi LH. An Atkins diet may increase postprandial lipemia and increase free fatty acids, which may have harmful effects on platelet aggregation and may promote ventricular arrhythmias (57,58). As for Ornishs contention that the risk of premature death from all causes is higher in those eating red meat than those who do not, I disagree, because the 2014 meta-analysis of 13 studies that I discussed did not find this to be true. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. Available at: http://www.americaonthemove.org/. In practice, someone trying to lose weight may begin by moderately reducing their intake of simple carbohydrates and fat and moderately increasing their level of exercise. Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Dr. David Perlmutter is on the cutting edge of innovative medicine that looks at all lifestyle influences on health and illness. If they stop eating bagels, they may also stop eating the cream cheese. Mean apo A-II levels did not change. 1993;328:1213-1219. For someone trying to reverse heart disease, for example, the diet needs to be rather strict to accomplish this. In a 2007 clinical trial led by Gardner researchers randomly assigned 311 individuals to four groups: One group was assigned the high-fat, high-protein and low-carbohydrate Atkins diet; the second was assigned Ornishs very low-fat vegetarian diet, which requires consuming fewer than 10 percent of calories from fat; the third was assigned the Zone diet, which aims for a 40/30/30 percent distribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat; and the fourth was assigned the high-carbohydrate, lowsaturated fat LEARN (for: lifestyle, exercise, attitudes, relationships, nutrition) diet. Other nonscientist, nonphysician writers have also been saying that Americans have been told to eat less fatWere eating less fat, were fatter than ever, so weve been given bad advice. An easier way to consume fewer calories is to eat less fat because fat (whether saturated, monosaturated, or unsaturated) has 9 kcal/g, whereas protein and carbohydrates have only 4 kcal/g. This is especially incongruous when, as mentioned earlier, the only study to examine blood flow on the Atkins diet found that it actually worsened (35). N Engl J Med. Web3) Dr. Ornish focuses on the fact that eating eating vegetable diet can reduce weight loss. First, I cited several large-scale studies from many different investigators, all of which showed that a diet high in red meat increases the risk of premature death from virtually all causes, even when adjusting for confounding variables. WebIn contrast to these studies, and most others, on the lack of influence of calcium intake on fracture risk, the authors of this study conclude calcium is the problem and this is based on findings in only 74 people with fractures following a vegan diet. Chanmugam P, Guthrie JF, Cecilio S, Morton JF, Basiotis PP, Anand R. Did fat intake in the United States really decline between 1989-1991 and 1994-1996? In: Cowdry EV, ed. He should know better. The purpose of this article is to find common ground among seemingly contradictory information about different diets, present an evidence-based rationale for optimal nutrition, and describe many of the half-truths and distortions of the Atkins diet and other similar diets. WebComparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction: a Randomized Trial The following information is available Also, in a randomized controlled trial, ketogenic diets such as the Atkins impaired cognitive performance in higher order mental processing after only 1 week (61). In our debates, Dr Atkins often claimed that his diet can reverse coronary heart disease (CHD) but never published any peer-reviewed data to support this assertion, nor has anyone else, including advocates of similar diets such as the Zone and the South Beach diets (34). If ones looks at the right data, he says, its clear that our countrys metabolic ills can be blamed on our increasing consumption of red meat and bad fatsboth of which, he says, are proved to be unhealthy. 1988;81:300-309. Thats in part because when we cut out fat, we began eating foods that were worse for us. Could it be that our attempts to reduce fat have in fact been part of the problem? In a larger study of almost 3,000 patients who went through my lifestyle program in 24 hospitals and clinics, BMI (body mass index) decreased by 6.6 percent. Again, we dont know because his studies have not been designed in a way that can tell us anything about the effect of his diet alone. The March 2014 study that Ornish cites as finding a 75 percent increase in premature deaths from all causes and a 400 percent increase in deaths from cancer and type 2 diabetes among heavy consumers of animal protein under the age of 65, also did not distinguish between types of animal protein. Ornish first takes issue with the data I cite on food consumption patterns from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Effect of low-carbohydrate high-protein diets on acid-base balance, stone-forming propensity, and calcium metabolism. Part of the problem in this and other studies that compare weight loss in low-fat versus low-carb diets (which is the wrong question anyway, because its the type of fats and carbs) is that adherence to different diets is often suboptimal, so its hard to make meaningful comparisons. 2002;76:535-540. Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women. Ornish D. Everyday Cooking with Dr. Dean Ornish. Melinda Wenner Moyer, a contributing editor at Scientific American, is author of How to Raise Kids Who Arent Assholes: Science-Based Strategies for Better Parentingfrom Tots to Teens (G. P. Putnams Sons, 2021). N Engl J Med. In contrast, within each diet, the HDL-C and apo A-I levels were inversely correlated with apo A-I FCR both on the high-and low-fat diets but not with apo A-I transport rate (44). 1986;232:34. In addition to giving up smoking and fatty foods, the test subjects did yoga, meditated, and participated in a support group. Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease. Second, if subjects in dietary clinical trialswho are attending dietician-led classes and being monitored regularlyare unable to reduce their fat intake to anywhere close to Ornishs recommendations, then how could his approach possibly be a sustainable solution for the entire country? The New York Times, May 27, 2003. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Ornish D, Hart J. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Ornish said that the Atkins diet contributed to his impotence and poor breath. But its not true. The effects of weight loss on the activity and expression of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase in very obese humans. 1999;99:1278-1285. These associations were either abolished or attenuated if the proteins were plant derived.. 1999;21:147-153. The relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 58% lower when comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of whole grain intake (14). When you eat less fat, you consume fewer calories without having to eat less food, thereby increasing satiety without adding calories. Hemorheologic effects of a short-term ketogenic diet. The fact that not all studies have shown this risk does not mean that it is not true. In other words, when you change the type of food, you dont have to be as concerned about the amount of food. If they stop eating pasta, they are often avoiding sauces that are high in oil or cream (olive oil is 100% fat and only 1 tablespoon has 14 g fat). At Pennsylvania State University, researchers found that healthy women instinctively ate about 3 lb of food a day, whether high or low in calories. The Lifestyle Heart Trial. WebAtkins 40 is an easy low carb diet plan for those with less than 40 pounds to lose. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Whole grain consumption improves insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults (15). It's the type of protein, fat and carbohydrates that matters. Moyers article only adds to that confusion. You can lose weight without feeling hungry or deprived. JAMA. The primary drive was volume not calories (7). To understand better the mechanism of this phenomenon, Breslow and colleagues studied the turnover of HDL apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II in 13 subjects on two contrasting metabolic diets. (All groups consumed about the same amount of protein.). Ornishs diet would probably be an improvement on the current American dietif people could actually follow it long-term. Protein, too, doesnt look so evil when one considers the 2010 trial published in The New England Journal of Medicine that found individuals who had recently lost weight were more likely to keep it off if they ate more protein, along with the 2005 OmniHeart trial that reported individuals who substituted either protein or monounsaturated fat for some of their carbohydrates reduced their cardiovascular risk factors compared with individuals who did not. Connor WE. Boston: W.B. These surges may cause a reactive hypoglycemia, increasing hunger and a desire to eat more simple carbohydrates in a vicious cycle, sometimes called carbohydrate cravings. In addition, excessive insulin enhances the growth and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells, promoting atherosclerosis (9). Well, thats the pointwere not fat because were eating too little fat; were fat because were eating too much of everything. Atkins R. The case for low carbs. Several studies that used serial coronary arteriography to assess CHD patients who were consuming a conventional 30% fat diet revealed that the majority showed progression (worsening) of coronary atherosclerosis (22,36). If we start fearing protein, too, what will we fill our plates with instead? HDL-C is predictive of relative heart disease risk only in populations in which everyone is eating a similar high-fat diet, such as the Framingham population. Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. This case report is not proof, but it is worrisome, especially in that these disorders of electrolytes and free fatty acids that increase the risk of sudden cardiac death may be seen in high-protein diets. Robert Atkins debates Dean Ornish and John McDougall on whether a low-carb, high-protein diet is In: Hennekens C, Manson J, eds. The Atkins Diet plan and the Dean Ornish diet are both established and popular diet plans. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Compare and contrast Dr. ornish and Dr Atkins, which virus is responsible for chickenpox?. Knowledge awaits. WebDr, Atkins vs. Dean Ornish and John McDougall - USDA Debate from 2000. Copyright [c] 2004 by the American Dietetic Association. The New York Times Sunday Magazine, July 7, 2002. Gould KL, Ornish D, Scherwitz L, et al. Total cholesterol decreased much more on the Ornish diet than on any of the other diets. N Engl J Med. The goal is to lose weight in ways that enhance health rather than in ways that may harm it. 1999;70:412-419. Upon changing from high to low intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, the mean HDL-C decreased 29%, whereas apo A-I levels fell 23%. Brody J. 1999, and In: Braunwald E, ed. This reduction in LDL-C is much greater than on an Atkins diet and is comparable with the effects of statin drugs. To the degree that people reduce their overall intake of simple carbohydrates and excessive fat and increase their intake of whole foods such as complex carbohydrates, they are likely to lose weight and gain health. : How Simple Lifestyle Changes Can Reverse Most Chronic Diseases (2019; written with his wife, Anne Ornish). INTERVENTION: In assessing the health effects of different diets its important to measure the disease process itself, not just risk factors such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels. This becomes a way of eating rather than a diet with rigid eat this and dont eat that guidelines. 2001;73:1010-1018. Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman JS. The mechanism of the effects on HDL-C levels of changing from a high- to low-fat diet differs substantially from the mechanism explaining the differences in HDL-C levels between individuals who are eating a high-fat diet. If you would like to visit their site, please use 2007 Jul 11;298(2):178).This says something important about the quality of that research. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. What is missing in Moyers article is the clinical experience that comes from helping people change their diet and lifestyle. Earlier this year a panel of experts from U.S. News & World Report rated the Ornish Diet as the number-one diet for heart health for the fifth year in a row (that is, all five years they have been doing rankings). N Engl J Med. A receptor-mediate pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Most Americans consume a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol, so those who are able to increase HDL-C in response to this diet are at lower risk than those who cannot, since they will be more efficient at metabolizing excessive dietary fat and cholesterol. Ninety-nine percent of experimental group patients were also able to stop or reverse the progression of CHD as measured by cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) scans (38). Kennedy ET, Bowman SA, Powell R. Dietary-fat intake in the U.S. population. Recent studies also seem to provide some evidence that high-protein diets may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. CLAIMS THAT AN ATKINS DIET IS BETTER THAN A LOW-FAT DIET. To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. This is why I use the USDA data (which tracks consumption of the entire food supply, not just a tiny sample). Weight loss was 1 lb/week on the 10% fat diet and 0.6 lb/week on the Atkins diet. The reduction in HDL-C that may occur on a low-fat diet is another example of a half-truth that is confusing to many people. The corresponding HRs (95 percent CIs) were 1.18 (1.131.23) and 1.21 (1.131.31) for CVD mortality and 1.10 (1.061.14) and 1.16 (1.091.23) for cancer mortality. Theres also another issue to consider: Although Ornish emphasizes that his diet is low in fat and animal protein, it also eliminates refined carbohydrates. Guidelines on diet, nutrition, and cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. For example, an important article, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, reviewed data showing that high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets promote coronary artery disease independent of their effects on traditional risk factors such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Whats more relevant to the discussion is this fact: During the time in which the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. nearly tripled, the percentage of calories Americans consumed from protein and fat actually dropped whereas the percentage of calories Americans ingested from carbohydratesone of the nutrient groups Ornish says we should eat more ofincreased. Taubes G. The soft science of dietary fat. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. Angiology. Changes in myocardial perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography after long-term, intense risk factor modification. Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. A 2014 meta-analysis similarly reported much higher mortality risks associated with processed meat compared with red meat consumption and found no problems associated with white meat. We also published an analysis showing that improvements in dietary fat intake, exercise and stress management were individually, additively and interactively related to coronary risk. The point here is not that Ornishs dieta low-fat, whole food, plant-based approachis necessarily bad. Am J Clin Nutr. These are rich in fiber, which enhances satiety without adding significant calories. The March 2014 study that Ornish cites as finding a 75 percent increase in premature deaths from all causes and a 400 percent increase in deaths from cancer and type 2 diabetes among heavy consumers of animal protein under the age of 65, also did not distinguish between types of animal protein. Time magazine, August 26, 2002. But Ornishs arguments against protein and fat are weak, simplistic and, in a way, irrelevant. Atkins In rural China, for example, the average LDL is less than 95 mg/dL. 1996;46:325-341. the following link: 1998) showed an average reduction of 24 pounds in the first year. This optimal diet is based predominantly on fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes in their natural, unrefined forms. HDL-C decreased 9% from 40.0 to 36.3 mg/dL after 1 year, yet these patients showed clear improvement in coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial perfusion, and cardiac events. The other way people get too many calories is by consuming too many simple carbohydrates. It found that individuals assigned to eat high-fat (41 percent calories from fat), Mediterranean-style diets for nearly five years were about 30 percent less likely to experience serious heart-related problems compared with individuals who were told to avoid fat. Three recent studies suggested that an Atkins diet is superior to a low-fat diet with respect to short-term changes in weight, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (18-20). Dietschy JM, Brown MS. Effect of alterations of the specific activity of the intracellular acetyl CoA pool on apparent rates of hepatic cholesterogenesis. Twenty-eight were assigned to his low-fat, plant-based diet and 20 were given usual cardiac care. Kern PA, Ong JM, Saffari B, Carty J. In: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine (online), Braunwald E, ed. Zeman FJ, Hansen RJ. (Also: the heavy protein consumers in the study were consuming nearly 30 percent more protein than the average American does.) As I mentioned above, we found significant improvements in virtually all risk factors in almost 3,000 patients who went through my lifestyle program in 24 hospitals and clinics in West Virginia, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Oliver MF, Yates PA. 2001;4:171-177. The American Cancer Society 1996 Advisory Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer Prevention. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman JS, et al. WHAT EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT HIGH-PROTEIN DIETS MAY BE HARMFUL? Esselstyn CB Jr. Diet, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Indicate whether you agree with one or both researchers or have a different 4) Dr. Yet as I read this article, I cant help but to find amusement in It concluded that low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.. It was terribly misleading when this abstract made it appear as though the Atkins diet is better for your heart. Clinical professor of medicine, University of California, San Francisco 2003;348:2082-2090. J Clin Invest. Another meta-analysis of 21 studies found no association between saturated fat intake and heart disease. The abstract clearly states, Respondents aged 5065 reporting high protein intake had a 75 percent increase in overall mortality and a fourfold increase in cancer death risk during the following 18 years. (All groups consumed about the same amount of protein.) 1990;336:129-133. Intensive risk factor modification. I'm not aware of a single study showing that a diet high in red meat can reverse the progression of coronary heart disease. My colleagues and I have been training and certifying teams of health care professionals at leading hospitals, clinics and health systems in this lifestyle program for reversing heart disease. Bell EA, Rolls BJ. Pounds lost on Atkins diet may quickly return. Campbell TC, Parpia B, Chen J. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease Five-year follow-up of the Lifestyle Heart Trial. In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone diet, and had experienced comparable or more favorable metabolic effects than those assigned to the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets [corrected] While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease. Bill Clinton is one of the more public examples of this, having lost and kept off more than 20 pounds since following the whole foods, plant-based diet I recommended for him five years ago (including salmon once a week). As stated earlier, a low-fat, whole foods diet has been proven to reverse heart disease using actual measures of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial perfusion, whereas none of the other three diets has been shown to do so. They concluded, A low-carbohydrate diet based on animal sources was associated with higher all-cause mortality in both men and women whereas a vegetable-based low-carbohydrate diet was associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates. Another major research article studied 43,396 Swedish women over 15 years. Ornish then cites a barrage of individual studies to back his claim that red meat and saturated fats are dangerous, including one that has not even been published in the peer-reviewed literature. But looking more closely at the report (pdf) he discussesas others already haveone finds that it, too, shows that in the decades from 1970 to 2000, when obesity and chronic disease rates skyrocketed, U.S. consumption of red meat and eggs dropped 12 percent. In contrast, the NHANES data is from surveying only a small sample of people nationwide, so its less reliable. Join the hundreds of thousands in my email community for the latest news, insight, and more, Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR, Kraemer HC, King AC. The only peer-reviewed study that examined the underlying disease processes found that blood flow to the heart improved on a very low-fat, whole foods diet but worsened on an Atkins diet (35). The March 2014 study in Cell Metabolism did distinguish between animal protein and plant-based proteins. Dietary fat intake as risk factor for the development of diabetes: Multinational, multicenter study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD). She completely misrepresents my recommendations: carbohydratesone of the nutrient groups Ornish says we should eat more ofincreased. Ive always recommended that people limit their consumption of sugar and other refined carbohydrates. Lets check the facts: Headline: Why Almost Everything Dean Ornish Says about Nutrition Is Wrong, Subhead: When it comes to good eating habits, protein and fat are not your dietary enemies. This is some-what akin to the story of Dr Johnsons dog walking on its hind legs: it does not do it very well, but it is amazing that it can do it at all. Ornish also dismisses the randomized controlled trials I cited in large part because the subjects in these trials did not adhere to the diets and reduce their fat intake enough. Sample sizes ranged from 1,730 men and 2,003 women in NHANES 1999 to 2000 to 6,630 men and 7,537 women in NHANES III. Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses Health Study. In March 1998 he partnered with ConAgra Foods to release a line of vegetarian foods. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995;19:811-816. And Im not aware of any studies showing that walking and stress management techniques alone can reverse heart disease. Even better would be to reduce the intake of simple carbohydrates and most fats, which results in losing even more weight while enhancing health rather than potentially harming it. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P. A low-carbohydrate diet as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. Eating a stick of butter will raise HDL-C in those who are able to do so, but that does not mean that butter is good for the heart. Some people are able to handle more simple carbohydrates and/or more cholesterol and saturated fat in their diet than others. A food or nutrient can be healthy without requiring that all other foods or nutrients be unhealthy. In contrast, control group patients following a 30% fat diet showed more progression of atherosclerosis after 5 years than after 1 year. Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereira MA, et al. Again, meta-analyses of observational studies are certainly not perfect, but because they analyze all relevant data, they circumvent the problem of cherry-picking. The concept of a dietary spectrum empowers people with information and freedom of choice rather than the feeling of constraint or restriction. Effect of whole grains on insulin sensitivity in overweight hyperinsulinemic adults. For instance, he wrote that animal proteins have been associated with higher disease and mortality risks in observational studies. Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. Am J Clin Nutr. In summary, decreases in HDL-C due to a low-fat diet have a very different prognostic significance than someone who cannot raise HDL-C as much on a high-fat diet. In other words, when you have less garbage, you need fewer garbage trucks to remove it, so a reduction in HDL on a low-fat diet is not harmful. Her article begins with a gross distortion of what I believe. Harrisons Advances in Cardiology. Twelve-month randomized trial conducted in the United States from February 2003 to October 2005 among 311 free-living, overweight/obese (body mass index, 27-40) nondiabetic, premenopausal women. This is not true, as I wrote about years ago in my Newsweek column. (This lack of association is notable because this analysis probably overestimates risks associated with red meat consumption; all but two of the studies it assessed lumped processed meats into the red meat category.) 1999;84:339-341A8. 1961;16:407-415. All three diets reduced blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and estimated coronary heart disease risk. It is all about energy balance. And although Ornish is right that I lack clinical experience, when analyzing evidence, distance can be useful. Whole foodssuch as whole grain products and fruits and veggiesare healthy, but I think that dairy products, fish and lean cuts of meat or poultry can also be part of a healthy diet, Steffen says. Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2000 and served on the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy in 200102. As you approach your weight loss goals, you start to

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