This is the famous portrait of John of Gaunt, thought to be a copy of one taken from life. His birthplace, Ghent in Flanders, then known in English as Gaunt, was the origin of his name. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. {{ mediasCtrl.getTitle(media, true) }} In November, he met King John I of Portugal at Ponte do Mouro on the south side of the Minho river and concluded an agreement with him to make a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of central Castile early in 1387. (1911). [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. John (13661367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future. This four-month ride through enemy territory, evading French armies on the way, was a bold stroke that impressed contemporaries but achieved virtually nothing. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. Isabel (1368-1368) By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): By Constance of Castile: The Beaufort family originated in the illegitimate issue of John of Gaunt by his then-mistress Katherine Swynford. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. Privacy Policy | ContactMe 2010-2023 FamousKin.com. Occupation: royal consort, heiress; second wife of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. [43], In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine. Through his great-granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort he was also an ancestor of Henry VII, who married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York, and all subsequent monarchs are descendants of their marriage. A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. There were four children: John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (13731410); Cardinal Henry Beaufort, (13751447), Bishop of Winchester; Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (13771426) and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland (13791440). Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. He was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in the choir of St Paul's Cathedral, adjacent to the high altar. Sometime after the death of Blanche of Lancaster in 1368 and the birth of their first son, John Beaufort, in 1373, John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, the daughter of an ordinary knight, entered into an extra-marital love affair that would produce four children for the couple. This family, the Beauforts, played an important part in 15th-century politics. [3] Biography . However a decree of King Henry IV in 1406 barred his legitimated half-siblings and their issue from any claim to the throne and the illegitimacy of the Somerset branch doubly bars them. When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as Richard II of England, John's influence strengthened. John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by KatherineJohn, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufortwere Chaucer's nephews and niece. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Constance died in 1394. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. If I die out of London I desire that the night my body arrives there, that it be carried direct to the Friars Carmelites in Fleet Street, and the next day taken strait to St. Paul's, and that it be not buried for forty days, during which I charge my executors that there be no cering or embalming my corpse; I will that my executors pay all my debts, excepting the debts for the army, which my beloved brother the Duke of York incurred in Portugal, of which before God and all the world I hold myself free; I desire that chauntries and obits be founded for the souls of my late dear wives Blanch and Constance, whom God pardon; to the said altar of St. Paul's my vestment of satin embroidered, which I bought of Courtnay, embroider at London, certain lands and tenements in London, of which the reversion is purchased, rendering xx marks a year to Dame Katherine del Staple for her life, and I desire that during her life she be paid out of the rents of the Manor of Bernoldwyk, in the county of York; to the prisons of Newgate and Ludgate, in London C marks, to be divided between them; to my most dear wife Katherine, my two best nouches which I have, excepting that which I have allowed to my Lord and nephew the King, and my large cup of gold which the Earl of Wilts gave to the King my Lord, and which he gave me on my going into Guienne, together with all the buckles, rings, diamonds, rubies, and other things, that will be found in a little box of cypress wood, of which I carry the key myself, and all the robes which I bought of my dear cousin the Duchess of Norfolk, also my large bed of black velvet, embroidered with a circle of fetter-locks, and garters, all the beds made for my body called in England "trussing beds," my best stay with a good ruby, my best collar, all which my said wife had before her marriage with me, also all the goods and jewels which I had given her since my marriage; to my Lord and nephew the King the best nouche which I have on the day of my death, my best cup of gold which my dear wife Katherine gave me on New Year's Day last, my gold saltcellar with a garter, and the piece of arras which the Duke of Bourgoyne gave me when I was at Calais; to my dear brother the Duke of York, a gold cup and cover; to my dear son Henry, Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby, two of the best pieces of arras, one of which was given me by my Lord and nephew the King, and the other by my dear brother the Duke of Gloucester, whom God pardon, when I lately returned from Spain, also a chain of gold of the old manner, with the name of God in each part, which my most honored Lady and mother the Queen, whom God pardon, gave me, commanding me to preserve it, with her blessing, and I desire that he will keep it with the blessing of God and mine; to my dear daughter Philippa, Queen of Portugal, my second best stay of gold, and a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Katherine, Queen of Castile and Leon, a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter, my white bed of silk, with blue eagles displayed, and my best nouche after those before given; to my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, a dozen saucers, &c.; to the Reverend Father in God and my dear son the Bishop of Lincoln, a dozen saucers, &c. and my missal, and my portheus, which belonged to my Lord and brother the Prince of Wales, whom God preserve; to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, their brother, a dozen saucers, &c.; to my dear daughter, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil, a silk bed, and a cup and cover of gold; to my dear Henry, eldest son of my dear son the Duke of Hereford, a gold cup; to my dear son John, brother to the said Henry, a gold cup; after all my debts are paid, and restitution made to all who have been injured by me or my servants, on my account, I desire that my executor pay to the Minister of Bury one thousand pounds; to my said wife Katherine two thousand pounds; to my said son the Duke of Hereford one thousand pounds; to my said son the Marquis one thousand pounds; to my said son Thomas Beaufort one thousand marks; "a mon tres chere bachelier" Monsr. [11] Just before leaving Aquitaine, he married the Infanta Constance of Castile in September 1371 at Roquefort, near Bordeaux, Guyenne. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro. Trending; Presidents; TV/Film/Stage; . It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King John I had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). Marching in winter across the Limousin plateau, with stragglers being picked off by the French, huge numbers of the army, and even larger numbers of horses, died of cold, disease or starvation. From 1372, John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian chancery that prepared documents in his name according to the style of Peter of Castile, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula "Yo El Rey" ("I, the King"). Alison Weir dispels the myth of a scheming enchantress and reveals her to be a most influential figure of the 14th century . He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year. Upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and Len in right of his wife, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as "my lord of Spain". He was made Earl of Richmond in September 1342. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came through his second wife, Constance of Castile, and for a time styled himself as King of Castile. Their daughter Philippa became Queen of Portugal by marrying King John I of Portugal in 1387. From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government due to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign, John had forced the French king, Charles V, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn.[9]. In the summer of 1370, John was sent with a small army to Aquitaine to reinforce his ailing elder brother, the Black Prince, and his younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, Earl of Cambridge. Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. His second son John became the first Duke of Somerset in 1443.[3]. John was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England. Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. Vol. However, mistrust remained, and some[who?] Allrightsreserved. [citation needed]. John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, include Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. It may be that he felt he had to maintain this posture of loyalty to protect his son Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV), who had also been one of the Lords Appellant, from Richard's wrath; but, in 1398, Richard had Bolingbroke exiled, and on John of Gaunt's death the next year he disinherited Bolingbroke completely, seizing John's vast estates for the Crown. The family tree for John of Gaunt is still in progress. The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king.
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